Sunday, February 5, 2012

Spinal neuronal dysfunction after stroke

Publication year: 2011
Source: Experimental Neurology, Available online 27 December 2011
Michèle Hubli, Marc Bolliger, Esther Limacher, Andreas Luft, Volker Dietz
Central nervous system lesions, such as stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI), are followed by both cortical and spinal neuronal reorganization. In a severe chronic SCI a spinal neuronal dysfunction develops which is reflected in an exhaustion of leg muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during assisted locomotion and a change in the dominance from an early to a late polysynaptic spinal reflex (SR) component. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of spinal neuronal function after a severe stroke, i.e., a unilateral deprivation of supraspinal input. In 30 hemiparetic stroke subjects locomotor and SR behavior were assessed. SR responses in the tibialis anterior muscle were evoked by non-noxious tibial nerve stimulation on both, the affected and unaffected leg. In nine stroke subjects EMG activity of the leg muscles was recorded during assisted locomotion. In a similar way to SCI subjects, in severely affected chronic (> 12 months post-incidence) stroke subjects a late SR component was prominent in the affected leg, while an early one dominated in the unaffected leg. The late SR component correlated with muscle paresis (rho = 0.714) and walking ability (rho = 0.493). In contrast to SCI subjects, no exhaustion of the EMG activity was observed in the affected leg muscles during prolonged assisted locomotion. It is concluded that spinal neuronal circuits undergo functional changes also after a stroke which have common as well as divergent features compared to SCI subjects. As a consequence, different rehabilitative strategies might be required.

Highlights

► compare spinal neuronal dysfunction in SCI and stroke subjects ► different behavior between the affected and unaffected leg after stroke ► late spinal reflex components in the affected leg after a severe stroke ► no EMG exhaustion during locomotion in stroke subjects ► spinal neuronal function differs between SCI and stroke subjects





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