Calculating the Risk Benefit Equation for Aggressive Treatment of Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus

Abstract

Objective  

To address the question: does non-convulsive status epilepticus warrant the same aggressive treatment as convulsive status epilepticus?

Methods  

We used a decision model to evaluate the risks and benefits of treating non-convulsive status epilepticus with intravenous anesthetics and ICU-level aggressive care. We investigated how the decision to use aggressive versus non-aggressive management for non-convulsive status epilepticus impacts expected patient outcome for four etiologies: absence epilepsy, discontinued antiepileptic drugs, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Each etiology was defined by distinct values for five key parameters: baseline mortality rate of the inciting etiology; efficacy of non-aggressive treatment in gaining control of seizures; the relative contribution of seizures to overall mortality; the degree of excess disability expected in the case of delayed seizure control; and the mortality risk of aggressive treatment.

Results  

Non-aggressive treatment was favored for etiologies with low morbidity and mortality such as absence epilepsy and discontinued antiepileptic drugs. The risk of aggressive treatment was only warranted in etiologies where there was significant risk of seizure-induced neurologic damage. In the case of post-anoxic status epilepticus, expected outcomes were poor regardless of the treatment chosen. The favored strategy in each case was determined by strong interactions of all five model parameters.

Conclusions  

Determination of the optimal management approach to non-convulsive status epilepticus is complex and is ultimately determined by the inciting etiology.

• Content Type Journal Article
• Pages 1-12
• DOI 10.1007/s12028-012-9785-y
• Authors
  • Matthew Ferguson, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  • Matt T. Bianchi, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  • Raoul Sutter, Division of Neurosciences Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  • Eric S. Rosenthal, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  • Sydney S. Cash, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  • Peter W. Kaplan, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
  • M. Brandon Westover, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

• Journal Neurocritical Care
• Online ISSN 1556-0961
• Print ISSN 1541-6933

http://www.springerlink.com/content/7373121665l685p2/

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