Check out this application on the App Store:
 | Grays Anatomy Student Edition for iPadArchibald Industries Category: Medical Updated: 15 Nov 2011 |
| iOS Applications |
| Please note that you have not been added to any email lists. Copyright © 2014 Apple Inc. All rights reserved |
A 71-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of progressive weakness involving her lower extremities, leading to an inability to walk. She also noticed diminished sensation in her lower extremities. She did not complain of bowel or bladder dysfunction. She did not have any neurologic symptoms in her upper extremities. She experienced an upper respiratory tract infection 5 days prior to the start of these symptoms and was treated with antibiotics. There was no history of headache, impaired cognition, or speech impairment.
Moyamoya is a rare disorder that involves steno-occlusive arterial changes of the anterior circulation, along with proliferative development of basal arterial collaterals. It is either idiopathic (called moyamoya disease) or the result of a specific underlying condition such as atherosclerosis, radiation therapy, or sickle cell disease (called moyamoya syndrome or phenomenon). In recent years, numerous insights into and advances in the understanding, evaluation, and management of moyamoya patients have occurred. This article briefly reviews the spectrum of moyamoya conditions and then provides a synopsis of numerous recent investigations that shed light on various aspects of the disease, including its clinical characteristics, natural history, underlying pathology, imaging, surgical techniques, and long-term patient outcome. ABBREVIATIONS: CBF, cerebral blood flow EDAS, encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis MCA, middle cerebral artery MMD, moyamoya disease STA, superficial temporal artery TIA, transient ischemic attack
Carotid artery stenting has become a viable alternative to carotid endarterectomy in the management of carotid stenosis. Over the past 20 years, many trials have attempted to compare both treatment modalities and establish the indications for each one, depending on clinical and anatomic features presented by patients. Concurrently, carotid stenting techniques and devices have evolved and made endovascular management of carotid stenosis safe and effective. Among the most important innovations are devices for distal and proximal embolic protection and new stent designs. This paper reviews these advances in the endovascular management of carotid artery stenosis within the context of the historical background. ABBREVIATIONS: ACAS, Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study ACST, Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial CAS, carotid artery angioplasty and stenting CAVATAS, Carotid and Vertebral Transluminal Angioplasty Study CCA, common carotid artery CEA, carotid endarterectomy CREST, Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy vs Stenting Trial ECA, external carotid artery ECST, European Carotid Surgery Trial EVA-3S, Endarterectomy vs Stenting in Patients with Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis ICA, internal carotid artery ICSS, International Carotid Stenting Study IVUS, intravascular ultrasound MI, myocardial infarction NASCET, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial SAPPHIRE, Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy SPACE, Stent supported Percutaneous Angioplasty of the Carotid artery vs Endarterectomy
