Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a problem of growing public health interest with high incidence. After injury, patients are at risk for several long-term sequelae that encompass a wide array of physical and behavioral symptoms. Since conventional imaging modalities are limited in their ability to assess axonal injury or functional network connectivity, resting-state (RS) fMRI has great potential to evaluate the traumatic effect on brain network function. This technique may be particularly powerful in patients with mild TBI, who typically have minimal or no structural changes on anatomic imaging. There are several different ways to assess RS-fMRI data in order to gain insight into brain networks and connections. Well-established intrinsic brain networks in the resting state include the default mode network (DMN),1 the anti-DMN dorsal attention network, and the sensorimotor and visual networks. There are a variety of changes in RS-fMRI in subjects after mild TBI, including changes in DMN1 and changes in thalamocortical connectivity.2
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